she says that is what a good friend should do什么从句?
- she says that without it什么从句
- 宾语从句
- 主语从句与宾语从句的引导词有什么分别？请详细分析一下…谢啦！
- whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever however的用法，要全！高分
she says that without it什么从句
这只不过是一个宾语从句罢了，别被without it给迷惑了，这个without it不过是一个条件状语，理解为“就算没有它”，所以全句的意思就是：她说，就算没有它……
宾语从句
shn199882：
不知道您是否满意？
这是我从百度百科上复制过来的（因为数字限制，因此做了部分删减）：
宾语从句的用法
1.that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：
（1）介词宾语从句的that不省略
（2） and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
（3）在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
2.Whether ,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：
（1）whether从句中有or not
（2）whether从句做介词宾语
Everything depends on whether you agree with us
3.许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构常是：
主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone
4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. bu
[编辑本段]宾语从句（版本三）
宾语从句，在复合句中作宾语，位于及物动词后。
eg．
Tell him which class you are in ．
Do you know what he likes？
注：
(1)主、从句时态一致：
主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时；
He answered that he was listening to me.
主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需；
eg． He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.
They know (that) he is working hard.
具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时；
eg．He told me that he was born in 1980.
Father told me that practice makes perfect .
（2）否定前移，及完成反意问句
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）
eg． I don't think you are right ,are you ?
I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?
（3）运用虚拟语气的情况
在表示：
建议 suggest , advise
要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose；
决定 decide;
命令 order、command;
坚决主张 insist;
等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气）
eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard．
He ordered that we should go out at once．
（4）宾语从句后置情况
如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置
eg．You may think it strange that he would live there．
（5）宾从中that不可省略的情况
宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略
A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．
B．当it作形式宾语时
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．当宾语从句前置时
eg．That our team will win，I believe．
[编辑本段]宾语从句（版本四）
一、定义和宾从例句分析
宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。
A 作动词的宾语:
I heard the news.
主语 谓语动词 名词作宾语
I heard that he would come here later on.
主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语---宾语从句
B 作介词的宾语:
He said nothing about the plan.
主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 名词作介词的宾语
He said nothing about who broke the window last night.
主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语
二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成
带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.
1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.
宾语
2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.
间接宾语 直接宾语
3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.
间接宾语 直接宾语
4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.
who hadn’t passed the exam.
when she would leave this building.
why she cried last night.
where she was going to study.
which student was his partner in the short play.
if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning.
how she managed to solve the problem.
why water flows from a high position to a lower position.
在例子4中，当主句是过去时态时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。
5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner.
who broke the window yesterday.
when I can have a holiday.
why I failed the exam yesterday.
where I should have dinner with my friend tonight.
which book is the best one.
if (whether) I have passed the exam.
how my cat escaped from the room last night.
在例子5中，当主语是现在时态时（一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时，现在完成时），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。
三、注意
A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
宾语从句的点点滴滴 宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：
一，引导词
A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。
例：I told him that he was wrong.
l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。
例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。
例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。
例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)
二，宾语从句的语序，
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例：I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
二，宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，
既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3)She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
4)She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
lCould you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。
例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?
注意事项：
u由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。
例：She said: “I have been to England before.”
She said that she had been to England before.
She asked me: “Do you like maths?”
She asked me if I liked maths.
u宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式
”做宾语的简单句结构。
例：I don’t know what I should do next.
主语从句与宾语从句的引导词有什么分别？请详细分析一下…谢啦！
主语从句作主语 宾语从句作宾语
whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever however的用法，要全！高分
whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever, however用法归纳 一、引导状语从句它们都可用来引导状语从句(让步状语从句)，其大意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个、什么时候、什么地方、如何)”等，相当于英语中的 no matter what (who, which, when, where, how)。如：
Whatever [No matter what] you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。
Whoever [No matter who] telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。
Whichever [No matter which] day you come, I’ll be pleasedto see you. 无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。
Whenever [No matter when] you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。
We found the people friendly wherever [no matter where] we went. 无论我们走到哪里，我们都发现人们很友好。
However [No matter how] much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少，他都不发胖。
注：有时从句谓语可用情态动词：
无论他在哪里，我都要找到他。
正：I’ll find him, wherever he is.
正：I’ll find him, wherever he may be.
无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。
正：Keep calm, whatever happens.
正：Keep calm, whatever may happen另外，whoever 的宾格也是 whoever, 而不是 whomever, 后者在现代英语已基本不用，有的词典已不收录此词。如：
Whoever you marry, make sure he can cook. 不管你跟谁结婚，他一定要会做饭才行。
二、引导名词性从句
除引导状语从句外，whatever, whoever, whichever等还可引导名词性从句(主语从句或宾语从句)。如：
He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 请想要这票，我就把它给谁。
Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。
Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家，哪个就先开始做饭。
三、用于加强语气
有时用于加强语气，含有“究竟”、“到底”之义。如：
Whatever [What ever] do you mean? 你到底是什么意思?
Whenever [When ever] did you find time to do it? 你什么时候有空做这事?
Wherever [Where ever] can the children be? 孩子们究竟会在哪里呢?
Whoever [Who ever] told you that? 到底是谁告诉你的呢?
Whichever [Which ever] did you choose? 你到底选了哪个?
However [How ever] did you escape? 你到底是怎样逃出来的?
“ No matter+ 疑问词”与“疑问词＋ ever ”用法透析
1. “ No matter ＋疑问词”意为“无论……”、“不论……”，用来引导让步状语从句。如： no matter who / whom （无论谁）， no matter what （无论什么）， no matter which （无论哪一个）， no matter how （无论怎样）等。如：
You are always welcome no matter where you are.
无论在何地，您总是会受到欢迎的。
No matter what may happen, they've decided to leave this evening.
不管发生什么事，他们已决定今晚离开。
No matter who you may be, you have no right to do such a thing.
不论你是谁，你都无权做这样的事。
No matter when my motherland needs me, I will go without hesitation.
无论什么时候，只要祖国需要我，我都会毫不犹豫地出发。
No matter how hard it may be, I will carry it out.
无论此事有多难，我都会去做。
2. “疑问词＋ ever ”相当于“ no matter + 疑问词”， ever 本是一个加强语气的词，加在疑问词后面作后缀，不仅使疑问词的语气加强，而且变为具有让步意义的一个复合词，可用于引导让步状语从句。例如：
Whoever （ No matter who ） breaks the law, he should be punished.
无论谁违反法律，都应该受到惩罚。
Whatever you do, you must do it well.
不管做什么事，你都要做好。
Whatever problem you have, turn to me.
不管你有什么问题，都可以找我帮忙。
She is willing to help you, however busy she is.
无论多忙，她都愿意帮助你。
Wherever he is, he will be thinking of you.
无论在哪儿，他都会想着你。
3. 虽然“ no matter ＋疑问词”和“疑问词＋ ever ”都可以用来引导让步状语从句，但后者的用途更广，这类词（ whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever 等）还可用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间或地点状语从句等。例如：
Whoever comes to the party will receive a gift.
（主语从句）来参加晚会的人都会收到一份礼物。
比较： Whoever comes to the party, he will receive a gift. （让步状语从句）＝ No matter who comes to the party, he will receive a gift.
无论谁来参加晚会，都会收到一份礼物。
You can take whichever book you like best. （宾语从句）你可以拿走你喜欢的任何一本书。
Whenever we see him, we speak to him. （时间状语从句）每当我们见到他时，我们都跟他说话。
一、注意从句的时态
由no matter what/who/where/when…引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。如：No matter who you are, you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁，都应该遵守规则。
二、注意被修饰的名词、形容词以及副词的位置
no matter what/whose/which修饰名词时，该名词必须紧跟其后；no matter how修饰形容词或副词时，该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。如：No matter how hard he works, he find it difficult to make ends meet. 无论他多么努力工作，却总是入不敷出。
三、注意“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+ever”在用法上的区别
1. “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“疑问词+ever”互换。如：No matter where he may be （=Wherever he may be）, he will be happy. 他无论在什么地方都快乐。
2. 而“疑问词+ever”还可以引导名词性从句。如：Give this book to whoever likes it. 谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。（这里不能用no matter who。）
3. whoever既可引导名词性从句，又有在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等；whomever也可引导名词性从句，但只能在从句中作宾语。如：You may invite whomever you like.
4. whatever表示“无论什么”，没有一定的范围限制；whichever表示“无论哪一个、无论哪些”，其后可接一个名词。如：Eat whichever cake you like.
巩固练习：
1. team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which
C. Whatever D. Whichever
2. we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whichever
3. Doctor Godwin says that what forceful arguments against cigarettes there are, many people insist on smoking.
A. though B. however C. no matter D. even if
4. In peace, too, the Red Gross is expected to send help there is human suffering.
A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever
5. , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
6. Could you do me a favor?
It depends on it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
7. The old tower must be saved, the cost.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever
8. Sarah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
9. You can eat food free in my restaurant you like.
A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
10. much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.
A. How B. Whatever C. However D. What
参考答案：
1~5 DCCDD 6~10 CBCAC
however用法详解
一、考点描述
however是高考英语中一个十分重要的考点，近几年来每年的各省考题均有所涉及。请看两道典型高考真题：
1. You should try to get a good night’s sleep _____ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
【分析】答案选A。however作连接副词时，与no matter how相当，后接形容词或副词，意为“无论……”“不管……”。句意是：不管你有多少工作要做，你都应该好好休息一个晚上。
2. He tried his best to solve the problem, _____ difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although
【分析】答案选A。因difficult是形容词，修饰形容词要用连接副词however(无论如何，不管多么)，引导一个让步状语从句。
二、用法详解
不管however以何种形式出现在高考题中，它都不外乎以下两种用法。
1. 用作副词
(1) 表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句。如：
Phone me when you arrive, however late it is. 你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。
however much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。
however cold it is, he always goes swimming. 不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。
You won’t move the stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气有多大，也休想搬动那块石头。
however far it is, l intend to drive there tonight 不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。
用于此用法时，请注意以下几点：
①此用法属however所有用法中最重要的考点，同学们务请引起高度重视。
②这样用的 however与 no matter how 大致同义。如：
People always want more, however [no matter how] rich they are. 人总是富了还想再富。
however [No matter how] hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。
③有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如：
Don’t laugh, however funny it may be. 无论多么有趣也不要笑。
I’ll try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 无论多么难，我也要按时完成。
④“however＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语”有时可以有所省略。如：
I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管条件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions后省去了are)
I’d rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。
A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一条语法规则，不管如何正确，除非能懂，否则毫无用处。
(2) 表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。如：
My father, however, did not agree. 但是，我父亲不同意。
My room is small; however, it’s comfortable. 我的房间很小，但却很舒服。
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此，可是他错了。
注：however不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号)。如：
我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
误：We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best, but we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best. however, we lost the game.
(3) 表示惊奇或强调：相当于how ever的用法，其意为“究竟怎样，到底以什么方式”。如：
however did you get here without a car? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?
however does he manage to write music when he is so deaf? 他聋成这个样子，究竟是怎样从事作曲的呢?
2. 用作连词
用作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示“无论以何种方式”“不管怎样”。如：
however it may be, I shall take your word. 无论如何，我将会相信你的话。
however I approached the problem, I couldn’t find a solution. 这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。
however you travel, it’ll take you at least two days. 无论你怎么个走法，至少要两天时间。
The painting looks wrong however you look at it. 这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。
三、命题切入点
高考以however切入命题的可能性主要有两个方面：
1. 直接考查however的用法。如考查其句型结构(尤其是词序)，考查它与其他相似词语whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, whoever等在用法和意义上的区别。如：
(1) _____ rich one may be there is always something one wants.
A. whatever B. Whenever C. however D. Wherever
【分析】答案选C。however 用于修饰形容词rich，在意义上相当于no matter how。
(2) We should report any incident, _____.
A. however serious or minor it is B. how serious or minor is it
C. it is how serious or minor D. it is however serious or minor
【分析】答案选A。however 引导让步状语从句时的语序为“however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”。
(3) _____ I say, he always disagrees.
A. however B. whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever
【分析】答案选B。whatever 在此用作动词say的宾语，在意义上相当于 no matter what。
(4) _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
A. Wherever B. however C. Whichever D. Whoever
【分析】答案选A。根据句意可知，说话者强调的是地点，故用wherever。
2. 用however作为干扰项进行考查。如：
An awful accident _____, however occur the other day.
A. does B. did C. has to D. had to
【分析】此题正确答案应选B，句末的 the other day 意为“前几天”，所以句子应用过去时态，而选项D不合题意，故选B。此句有两个难点：一是句中插有 however 一词，分散了同学们的注意力；二是所填选项B为许多同学所不熟悉的强调用法。
whatever, whoever, whichever引导名词性从句
1. whatever引导的名词性从句
Whatever的意思是“所…的一切事或东西”，可视为what的强调说法，其含义大致相当于anything that，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语：
Whatever he did was right.
无论他做什么都是对的。
Give them whatever they desire.
他们想要什么就给他们什么。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind.
我想到什么就说什么。
Goats eat whatever (food) they can find.
山羊找到什么(食物)就吃什么(食物)。
I’m going to learn whatever my tutor wishes.
我将学习任何我的导师愿意我学的东西。
He does whatever she asks him to do.
她要他做什么，他就做什么。
Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.
给我谈谈任何使你烦恼的事。
One should stick to whatever one has begun.
开始了的事就要坚持下去。
She would tell him whatever news she got.
她得到的任何消息都会告诉他。
You can have whatever allowance you like.
你想要多少津贴就给你多少津贴。