1. 首页 > 教育

英语里为什么不能用名词代替that?

英语里为什么不能用名词代替that?

英语里 it 和that当指代具体有什么区别?用哪个怎么判断

一、英语里 it 和that具体指代的区别:

it/that二者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物; that

则指代同名异物。 

I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. (该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella) 

The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. (替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”)

二、其他区别:

1、 that用来指代同名异物, that为特指, 相当于the +名词。that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the /this /that。 

The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. (该句中that可以换成 the water)

2、that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。

Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter. (that代替不可数名词 handwriting)

These pictures are more beautiful than those. (those代替可数名词复数 pictures)

3、 that只能代替事物而不能代替人。

That on the table is mine.

4、 it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。that无此用法。

It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.

I found it hard to get on with her.

5、 it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容。

He has saved my life; I'll never fet it. (it代替第一分句) 

Tom is painting his house. I am told he does it every four years. (it代替前面分句的部分内容painting his house) 

Let's say we meet here at three o'clock. That ought to give you time to buy everything. (That代替前面表述的内容)

英语里,什么情况用the one 代替 什么时候用those、that代替

that一般可代指三种结构

1. 泛指的不可数名词

比如:The population of China is larger than that of Japan.

此处that代指population,但并不是中国的,而是指日本的,泛指

2. 特指的单数可数名词,这时就可以用the one或it来代替

如:--Have you bought the book?

--Yes, that is what I really want.

3. 特指上文所提到的任何内容.

如:--I failed the exam again.

--I'm sorry to hear that.

综上所述,你的记忆是对的.that的确有时可以换成the one.

另:如the one中间有其他修饰词时,是不能换成that的.

如: This red pen is better than the black one.

And 一般不用the one. one是不定代词,可数的,一个,就用one;多个用ones。若是具体的,则,对于可数的复数就用those,不可数或可数的单数则用that.

所以,这里应该用that,而不能用(the) one.

为什么类似situation case 等名词后 不用that而用where ?

没听说先行词 situation 或 case 一类名词的定语从句一定要用关系词 where 而不能用 that。如果指代这类先行词的关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语,反而是只能用 that (或 which),绝对不能用 where。以 case 为例:

~I have a CASE THAT troubles me exceedingly. (我有一件非常棘手的案子)

~It is very much the CASE THAT the early bird catches the worm. 情况确实是先到先得。

另外,英语说得通不通与自己的翻译没有必然的联系。有人会把地道的英语翻译得别别扭扭,也有人把自己写出来的错误百出的英语却翻译得通通顺顺。

Energy is what make things work.这句中的what为什么不能用that代替?

或许我们把眼光放远一点,这个从句可以算是“名词性从句”。

经常在名词性从句和定语从句之间发生混淆的就是that,what的使用

实际上,what根本不出现在定语从句,它只能出现在名词性从句中

而that在名词性从句中是不能够担任句子成分的

(请想想最典型的宾语从句中that的使用方法: I think [that] he's gone.)

我们看一下原句

Energy is what makes things work.

如果改成that, 那么从句就缺少了主语

(错句:Energy is [that] makes things work.)