一般过去时概念及基本用法有哪些?(英语里一般过去时的定义和用法是什么?)
英语里一般过去时的定义和用法是什么?
一般过去时态用法:
定义:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
动词过去式的构成:
a.规则动词过去式的变化可速记为"直"、"去"、"双"、"改"四字诀。
①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如:entered, finished, wanted,played。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ed。如:liked, joked, hoped,lived。
③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如:stopped, planned, stopped,nodded。
④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed。如:carried, studied,tried, worried。
规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住:清后[t],元浊[d],[t] [d]之后读[id]。
①清辅音[p] [k] [f] [s] [F] [tF]等后,ed要读[t]。如:worked,finished,helped, fetched
②元音或浊辅音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后,ed要读[d]。如:stayed,called,believed,referred
③[t]或[d]后,ed读[id]。如:started,wanted, permitted, needed。
b.不规则动词。大多数动词的过去式都是由动词原形加-ed构成,这类动词叫做规则动词。但有一些动词却不是以加-ed的方式构成,这类动词叫做不规则动词。例如: am (是) --was, is(是)--was, are(是)--were, begin(开始)--began, bring(拿来)--brought, can(能)--could, catch(捉住)--caught, come(来)--came, cut(砍,割)--cut, dig(挖,掘)--dug, do(做,干)--did, draw(画画,拉)--drew—等
详细请参阅: http://wenwen.sogou/z/q739888608.htm
用法:
1)经常与yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), last month(上个月), last year(去年), two months ago(两个月前), the day before yesterday(前天),in 2000 (在2000年), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
I was born in 1990. 我出生在1990年。
I went to the park last week. 我是上周去的公园。
I stayed there for two months.我在那里呆了两个月了。
When did you go to the park? 你是什么时候去的公园。
A:We could have walked to the station; it was so near.我们本来可以步行去车站。车站离这很近。
B:Yes. A taxi wasn’t at all necessary.是的。根本没必要打的。
The captain made an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.船长就由于恶劣天气造成的耽搁向旅客们道歉。
A: Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it.
B: It’s 9568442.
2)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为,常与every day,often,sometimes等时间状语连用;“used to+动词原形”或“would+动词原形”常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为.
In those days she went to see his father in the hospital every day.那些日子,她每天去医院看望她父亲。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
When I was at college I spoke three foreign laguages, but I have fotten all except a few words of each.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。)
He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)
3)在时间、条件、方式让步状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作.
He said he would let me know if he got any news.
He promised that he would buy some copies for us whem he went there.
He said he would write to us as soon as she arrived at Beijing.
4)在虚拟语气结构中;
I do wish that I could help you. 我真希望我能帮助你。(事实是:我不能帮助你。事与愿违)
If only she were my sister. 她要是我的妹妹多好啊。
I would rather we didn’t go to see a film this evening.
If I were you,I should do it.如果我是你的话,我就要做这件事。
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers. 如果各个地方都一样,就不需要地理学家了。
It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time we went home ? 现在已经5点钟了,难道你不认为该回家了吗?
He acts as if he were / was a TV expert. 他做起事来好象是个电视专家。
5) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量、试探性的语气。例如:
①动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
We were hoping you would stay with us.我们盼望您能和我们带在一起。
I thought you might like some flowers.我想您也许想要些花。
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
Did you wish to see me now?您想现在见我吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
We were wondering whether we might beg a lift in your car?我们不知是否能请求您让我们打车?
②在表示请求时,用情态动词 could, would.例如:
Could you open the door?能把门打开吗?(请把门打开,好吗?)
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
Could you check these figures?您能核对一下这些数字吗?
Would you help us, please?请帮助我们,好吗?
Would you mind my sitting here?您介意我坐在这里吗?
Would you please look over my essay?请您审阅一下我的文章,好吗?
6)有时候格言中也使用过去时态,多因为他们来源于名著。如:
Care killed a cat. 忧虑伤身。
Curiosity killed the cat. 好奇心,惹祸根。
过去式的用法及概念
1、过去发生的而现在已经结束的动作要用一般过去式来表示。 2、表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。 3、过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 【过去时态】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。 【过去时态结构】指的是过去时态下的动词形式的语法构成。 过去式就是动词的变化,表示过去发生的事。一般看到ago,before, in 几几年,就是过去式。 work-worked listen-listened 一般的就是直接加ed,特殊的就有一些变化。
【过去时态结构基本形式】 1、主语+动词过去式+其他; 2、否定形式 ①wasn't/weren't ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。
一般过去时的概念是什么?
一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作(即:非持续性动作),也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。(1)
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,烟抽得可凶了。(2)
一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。
句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响。
Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(意思是说你现在不饿吗?)
Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(意思是说已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)
When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。
Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
一般过去时的基本用法
1 带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时
如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、once up on a time(过去曾经)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)
Did you have a party the other day?
前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
雷锋是个好战士。
注意
在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
2 表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时
这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。
3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作
常与always,never等连用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
比较
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太老是带着伞。
(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。
(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)
4 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do
He used to drink.
他过去喝酒。
(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.
我过去是在早晨散步。
(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
I took a walk in the morning.
我曾经在早晨散过步。
(只是说明过去这一动作)
比较
I took a walk in the morning .
我曾经在早晨散过步。
(史是说明过去这一动作)
5 有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!
I didn''t know you were in Paris.
我不知道你在巴黎。
(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.
我以为你病了呢。
(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)
辨别正误
Li Ming studied English this morning.
(把此句变为一般疑问句)
(×)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning?
(动词应该用原形)
(×) 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning?
(时态应该用原句子的时态)
(×) 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning?
(应该用一般动词,而不是be动词)
(О) 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning?
一过:在过去发生的动作。
主动:
肯定① be 分为was,were ② v+ed
否定① was/were not ② didn’t+v
疑问① was/were+ 主 ② did+主+V
时状:
1. in 1990
2. last year
3. just now
4. in a moment ago
一般过去时的基本用法是什么?
1.表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
例:I talked to her last week.
我上星期和她谈了。
My mother was ill yesterday.
昨天我妈妈病了。
2.表示过去习惯性的动作。
例:He came to the lab twice week.
他每周到实验室来两次。
When Jack was a child,he always asked his parents to tell him stories.
当杰克还是孩子的时候,总是要父母讲故事给他听。
3.在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
例:They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.
他们说如果听到任何关于他的消息,就通知我们。
They told us that would hot leave she came back.
他们告诉我们,直到她回来他们才会离开。
常与一般过去时连用的时间副词:
yesterday 昨天
last year 去年
at that time 在那时
yesterday morning 昨天上午
just now 刚才
two days ago 两天前
a few days ago 几天前
that day 那天
in 1999 在1999年
in the old days 在过去的日子里