英语中怎么区分介词和副词? 英语介词副词填空
什么是介词?什么是副词?
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。
副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
介词和副词是什么?
介词in out on down up updown above with about to
副词:英语中有一些表示方式、 程度的副词具有两种形式。 如late,lately;
high,highly;slow,showly等 等。在这些词当中,两种不同形式所表达的含
义有的完全不同,有的很相似,而有的却完全一致。这就给人们 使用这些词时
带来一定的麻烦。特别是在学生中间,总免不了使用时的混淆。笔者想就此问题
分类作一点探讨 。
(一)本类词有hard,hardly;late,lately;most,mostly等等,这两
种副词形式含义完全不同,所以 ,使用时不易引起混淆。
1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活。
He hardly works at all.他很少干活。
2.You have come too late.你来得太晚了。
Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗?
3.The person who talks most is often the one who doesleast.说得最
多的人常常干得最少。
The audience consisted mostly of women.观众大部分是女的。
4.The next flight dose not go direct to Tokyo; it goes byway of
Shanghai.下趟航班不直飞东京 ,而是绕道上海。
He will be here directly.他马上就来。
5.The rider pulled his horse up short.骑手突然一下把马勒住。
Make a right turn shortly beyond the village. 村前不远处往右拐。
6.Please stand clear of the gate.请不要站在门前。
He stated his view-point clealy.他很清楚明白地阐述了自己的观点。
7.The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。
Her little girls are always prettily dressed.她的小女孩穿着总是很
漂亮。
(二)这类词主要有wide,widely;close, closely ;high,highly等
等,这两种副词形式不同,含义 也有差别,但是没有第一类的区别明显,而且
翻译成汉语时用词也很接近。所以使用时很容易混淆。这类词含 义及用法上的
主要特点是:不带-ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作,说明的动作或状况有可测
量性和可见性;而 以-ly结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况。
这时,这些词大都具有"greatly"和"extremel y"的含义。试作如下比较:
1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看
见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞 着?
The distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。
2.He flung the door wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的。
We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很
大。
3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope.买那个望远镜你得付
很高的价钱。
You will pay dearly for the insult. 对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价。
4.She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。
The police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他。
5.The bird is now flying quite low.鸟儿现在飞得非常低。
He bowed lowly before the queen.他谦恭地给女王鞠了一躬。
6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水。
You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻。
7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯紧紧地搂抱着保罗。
The passengers were packed tightly in the train.火车车箱里挤满了乘
客。
8.Mr. Cole tends to speak rather loud.科尔先生说话声音总是很大。
Mr. Cole boasted loudly of his power. 科尔先生大肆夸耀自己的权力。
(三)这类词主要有slow,slowly;quick,quickly等等异形同义词。当
然,现代英语的语言规范性要求 用以-ly 结尾的副词来修饰动词,但由于句子
结构以及搭配的不同,使用时也具有不同的倾向性。在此,主要 探讨一下在什
么情况下常使用不带-ly的副词形式。同时, 把第二类中一些适应于下列规则
的词也包括进去。 总的说来,倾向于使用不带-ly副词形式的情况大致有下列
四种:
Ⅰ 用作比较级或最高级时:
1.Allen was walking quickly, but Gee was walking evenquicker.
艾伦走得很快,但乔治走得更快 。
2.The men were quarreling loudly, but the policemenshouted louder.
那些人在大声争吵着,但 是警察喊叫得更响。
3.The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still.
汽车走得越来越慢,最后停了下 来。
4.Let's see who can run quickest.我们来看看谁跑得最快。
5.We must look closer at the problem. 我们必须更加仔细地查看这一问
题。
Ⅱ 有"so"或"too"修饰时:
1.It all happened so quick that I could do nothing. 这一切发生得如
此之快以致于我手足无措无法 对付了。
2.It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes tooslow.不可能赶
上他了,你的车太慢了。
3.Don't talk so loud; the child is in bed now.别这样大声说话,孩子
已经睡了。
在短语中怎样区分介词与副词,从而决定后面是跟do还是doing?
通常的to后面都是加动词原形的
有时候也做介词用,其后加名词,代词(宾格)及动名词,但是常用的为数不多。
每个学科都有一些规律,但一开始都是要死记硬背(不开刀,不吃药就能治病,那是屁话,别信)
英语中怎样区分介词???
一、介词to的常见用法
1.动词+to
a)动词+ to
adjust to适应,
attend to处理;照料,
agree to赞同,
amount to加起来达…,
belong to属于,
come to达到,
drink to为…干杯,
get to到达,
happen to发生在某人身上,
hold to紧握,
lead to通向,
listen to听,
occur to想起,
object to反对,
point to指向,
respond to回答,
refer to参考;指的是…;涉及,
reply to回答,
see to负责,
stick to坚持,
turn to求助,
write to给某人写信。
b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.
announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。
c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.
add to增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to
be alive to觉察;晓得,
be attentive to注意;留心,
be awake to知晓,
be blind to缺乏眼光,
be close to紧挨着,
be common to对某人来说很普通,
be contrary to违反;反对,
be devoted to致力,
be deaf to不愿意听,
be equal to有…的力量,
be exposed to暴露;遭受,
be fair to对…公平,
be familiar to对某人来说熟悉,
be grateful to对某人心存感激,
be good to对…有好处,
be harmful to对…有危害,
be important to对…重要,
be kind to友好对待,
be known to周知于,
be married to嫁给,
be moved to转移到,
be near to靠近,
be necessary to对…有必要,
be opposite to在对面,
be opposed to反对,
be pleasant to合某人之意,
be proper to专属,
be polite to礼貌待人,
be rude to粗暴对待,
be relative to与…有关,
be strange to不习惯,
be similar to类似,
be suitable to适合,
be true to忠实,
be thankful to感激,
be useful to对…有用,
be used to习惯。
3.to+名词构成的词组
to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,to one’s feet跳起来,to one’s mind照…看来, to one’s surprise使…吃惊,to one’s taste符合胃口, to oneself独自享用, to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地
二、at的常见用法 at构成的词组比较多,要细心区分。
1.动词+ at
arrive at抵达,call at访问某地, catch at(it)当场抓住, come at攻击, fire at向…开火,glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而视, grieve at忧伤,knock at敲,laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at对…高兴,smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝…射击, stare at怒目而视,thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at颤抖,wonder at吃惊,work at工作。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at
be angry at恼怒于, be alarmed at对…保持警觉,be astonished at对…吃惊, be bad at不擅长, be clever at对某事很灵巧,be delighted at高兴,be disgusted at厌恶, be disappointed at对…失望,be good at擅长, be impatient at对…不够耐心, be mad at狂热于,be pleased at对…感到高兴, be present at出席, be satisfied at满意,be surprised at吃惊, be shocked at对…非常震惊,be terrified at受到…的恐吓,be quick at对…很机敏。
3.at+名词构成的词组
at a distance在一定距离,at a loss不知所措, at a time一次,at all一点也不,at any cost不惜一切代价,at best最好也只是,at first起初,at hand手头,at heart在内心里,at home在家;无拘束,at last最后,at least至少,at most最多,at once马上,at present目前。
三、介词on的常见用法
on的用法比较重要,本文介绍它的一些常见用法:
1.动词+on
a)动词+ on要认真区分下面一些词组
act on对…有作用, bring on促使;导致, call on拜访某人,count on依赖, carry on执行,depend on取决, feed on以…为生,figure on料想;推断, go on继续,have on穿着, insist on坚持,keep on继续, lean on依赖, live on以…为生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通(电源), take to喜欢;养成;轻易学会,turn on接通(电源), work on操作, wait on侍候。
b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)
base on以…为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。
2.be+形容词+on的词组
be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,be impressed on对…印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on对…严格。
3.on+名词构成的词组
on board乘(车,飞机),on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行,on guard在岗,on hire雇用,on holiday度假
四、介词in的常见用法
1.动词+in
a)动词+ in
believe in信任, break in碎成,bring in引起;产生;带来, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收获, hand in上缴, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in导致, share in共享,succeed in成功, take in卷起;订阅, turn in归还当局。
b)动词+sb./time/money+ in
help sb. in帮助某人做某事, spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。
2. be +形容词+ in
be active in活跃于,be absorbed in专心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牵涉, be clothed in穿着, be disappointed in对…失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在…有经验, be employed in任职于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的专家, be excellent in在…优秀,be interested in对…有兴趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,be slow in迟缓, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,be strict in严于, be weak in弱于。
3. in +名词
in advance提前,in all总共,in balance总而言之,in bed卧床,in body亲自,in brief简明扼要,in case万一, in charge主管,in danger有危险, in debt负债, in despair失望,in force大量地;有效,in full全部地, in flower开花,in general一般说来,in itself本身, in love恋爱, in order井然有序, in person亲自,in public公开地, in progress有进展, in practice从实践上看, in rags穿着破衣,in research探索, in return作为报答,in ruins一片废墟,in short总之,in theory从理论上看, in trouble有麻烦, in tears眼泪汪汪,in time及时, in turn按顺序, in vain白白地,in view看得见。
五、介词from的常见用法
from的用法可不能小瞧,你不一定知道下面这些词组意义。
1.动词+from
a)动词+ from
come from来自,date from追溯, depart from违背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自…跌落, hang from垂挂, hear from收到来信,learn from向某人学习, return from自某地返回,rise from自…冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。
b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place
borrow from向…借, choose from选自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不准做, protect from不受…之害, receive from收到,remove from移动;除去, save from保全;拯救, separate from分离开来,stop from阻止。
2. be +形容词+ from
be absent from缺席,be different from与众不同, be far from更不用说, be hidden from躲避,be made from用…制成, be tired from因…而疲倦。
3.from…to…
from bad to worse每况愈下,from beginning to end自始至终,from cover to cover从头到尾,from China to Peru到处,from day to day一天一天地,from door to door挨家挨户,from end to end从头至尾,from first to last自始至终,from hand to mouth勉强糊家,from head to foot从头到脚,from mouth to mouth广泛流传,from sun to sun从日出到日落,from start to finish从头开始,from top to toe从头到脚,from time to time不时地,from top to bottom彻底地。
六、介词for的常见用法
1.动词+for
a)动词+for
account for解释;说明, answer for对…负责,apply for申请;请求,apologize for为…而道歉, beg for请求, call for要求,care for在意, enter for报名参加, fight for为…而战, hope for希望,inquire for查询;求见, leave for离开某地到另一地, look for寻找, long for盼望,mistake for误认为, plan for计划做某事, prepare for为…作准备,provide for为…提供, reach for伸手去拿, run for竞选, stand for象征,search for搜寻, send for派人去请, speak for陈述意见、愿望, take for当作, wish for希望, wait for等待。
b)动词+sb.+ for +sth.
ask for要求得到,blame for因…责备, excuse for宽恕, five for谅解, pardon for原谅,pay for花钱买, praise for称赞, punish for对…进行惩罚,push for催逼,reward for酬谢, thank for对…表示谢意。
2. be +形容词+for
be anxious for急于做, be eager for渴望, be bad for有害于,be convenient for便于, be good for利于, be famous for以…出名,be fit for适合于, be grateful for对…心存感激, be impatient for对…不耐烦,be late for迟到, be necessary for有必要, be ready for作好准备,be sorry for为…而后悔, be responsible for对…负责,be suitable for适合于, be unfit for不适合, be useful for对…有作用。
3.for+名词构成的词组
for all尽管,for a song非常便宜地,for certain确切地,for company陪着,for ever永远,for example例如,for fear以免,for fair肯定地,for free免费,for fun为了好玩,for good永远,for instance比方,for luck祝福,for life终身,for long长久,for nothing白白地,for once有生第一次,for oneself替自己,for pleasure为了消遣,for reason因为…理由,for sale供出售,for shame真不害臊,for short简称,for sport好玩,for sure确切地。
4.动词+副词/名词+for构成的短语
be in for将遇到,make up for弥补,go in for从事,look out for提防,take sth. for granted把…当作理所当然,have an ear for音感好,have a gift for有某方面的天赋。