为什么He was going to organize something properly.这一句用was过去式？
- A passenger told an air hostess(空姐）that he needed a cup of water to take his( )
- 英语将来时 过去时的用法
- 什么是过去将来时？
- 又有问题了英语过去将来时选项题解答及分析。
A passenger told an air hostess(空姐）that he needed a cup of water to take his( )
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握基大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A passenger（乘客）told an air hostess（空姐）that he needed a cup of water to take medicine when the plane just took off. She told him that she would bring him the 16 soon.
Twenty minutes 17 （延迟）to take his medicine. She hurried over to him with a cup of water, but he 19 it. , when the passenger's ring for service sounded, the air hostess realized it at once. She was kept so busy that she 18 to bring him the water. Therefore, the passenger was held up
In the following hours on the flight, 20 time the air hostess passed the passenger, she would ask him with a smile 21 he needed help or not. But the passenger never 22 her words.
When he was going to get off the 23 （意见簿）. She was very 24 . She knew that he would write down sharp words, which might make her 25 the job. 26 with a smile she handed it to him. , the passenger asked the air hostess to hand him the passenger's booklet
Off the plane, she 27 the booklet, and cracked a smile, for the passenger put it, “ On the flight, you asked me if I needed help for twelve times 28 . How can I refuse 29 twelve sincere smiles?”
That's right! It was the twelve smiles of the air hostess that touched（感动）the passenger 30 and of course she wouldn't lose her job!
16. A. milk B. juice C. coffee D. water
17. A. late B. later C. ago D. after
18. A. remembered B. fot C. wanted D. learned
19. A. accepted B. took C. refused D. received
20. A. some B. either C. another D. each
21. A. why B. when C. whether D. how
22. A. paid attention to B. thought of C. heard of D. worried about
23. A. coach B. bus C. train D. plane
24. A. happy B. cheerful C. sad D. excited
25. A. lose B. loses C. losing D. lost
26. A. And B. So C. Then D. But
27. A. opened B. closed C. destroyed D. hid
28. A. at all B. in all C. of all D. all over
29. A. her B. your C. their D. our
30. A. peacefully B. comfortably C. deeply D. slowly
答案：16. D由上一句“...he needed a cup of water to take medicine...”知空姐将给他送水
17. B时间段后跟later表示“多长时间之后”。由上文知乘客在等空姐送水。故说“二十分钟后”
18. B前文说“the air hostess realized it at once. She was kept so busy that...”汉意：空姐马上意识到（自己还没有送水），她一直很忙以至于...”显然是空姐“忘记送水了”。故用fot
19. C前文说“她马上给客人送去一杯水”，又根据第三段的意思知道客人不接受服务，故but后应该是与前“相对的”动作。
20. D根据上下文，应该说：空姐“每一次”经过客人的时候。故选D.
21. C whether...or not意为“是否”。
22. A任凭空姐服务态度再好，但是乘客对她“从不理睬”。故选A.
23. D前文是在飞机上发生的事。故说“当他要下飞机的时候”。
24. C.从下句：She knew that he would write down sharp words,..（她知道他会写下批评的话）知道空姐当时心情应该是难过的。故选C.sad。
25. A. make的宾语补足语应该用动词原形，即make sb.do 。故选A.lose
26. D.上文说“......那可能使他失去工作”。与下文的with a smile形成对比，故用But表转折
27. A由下文知道空姐读了意见簿上的内容，所以应该先“打开”(opened)。
28. B in all总共；at all根本；of all在所有…当中；all over遍及。本句意为“在飞行途中,你总共问了我十二次要不要帮忙。”故选B。
29. B从上句中的“...you asked me...”知道“意见”是写给空姐的。故此处应该说...yourtwelve sincere smiles你的12次真诚的微笑
30. C 考查副词词义。touchedthe passenger deeply意为“深深感动了乘客”。
英语将来时 过去时的用法
过去完成时
I（or You，He，John，It，They，Those men） had come. I（or You，He，John，It，They，Those men） had been there.过去完成时的用法：
760 1）表示过去某时以前已经结束的动作，过去时间可由时间状语表示出来：
I had read the novel by three o'clock.（I finished it before threeand read it no more at three．）
He had sent the letter last Monday．（= He sent the letter be-fore last Monday．）
He had finished the work five days before（or earlier）（=five days before a given past time）．
We had completed the course in the autumn of 1968．
过去时间有时由状语从句表示，下表表示状语从句中动词所表示动作发生时，主句动词表示的动作业已发生：
后发生的动作 先发生的动作
— When we learned we had studied Chinese．
English，
— By the time he got he had studied history
married， ten years．
— Before he spoke， he had prepared to die.
— Although he failed， he had done his best.
—In order that he might he had considered the
succeed matter all night．
—Where there was a ru－ there had been wealth
in， or power．
如果两个动作是同时发生或几乎同时发生的，则都可以用一般过去时表示：
When we learned English，We studied Chinese．（= We learned two languages．）（同时发生）
When she saw a roach，she screamed．（几乎同时发生）
有时过去时间由形容词（定语）从句表示出来，从句动词表示的动作发生时，主句动词表示的动作业已发生：
后来的动作 更早的动作
—The man that came had travelled in fifty
yesterday countries．
—The woman he married had married five times．
—This man，who was had failed a hundred
successful now， times．
有时名词从句中动词所表示的动作发生时，主句动词所表示的动作业已发生：
How he became prime minister had been prophesied thirty years before．
也有时反过来，从句中动词表示的动作先发生，主句动词表示的动作后发生，则先发生的用过去完成时表示：
后来发生的动作 先发生的动作（状语从句）
—He went to school as soon as（or after）
he had dressed himself．
—The audience applauded when he had finished
his speech．
—He was finally defeated though he had always won．
—I got ill because I had not eaten properly．
但before有时有特殊的用法，表示“不等……就”：
He already died before his sons had arrived．
I left school before I had finished my course．
定语从句和名词从句中动词表示的动作有时先发生，就可用过去完成时表示：
后来的动作 更早的动作
— I asked a man who had learned sculpture in
Italy．
—My wife liked very you had sent me．
much the dog
—He married a woman who had given birth to five
children．
—He said that he had come from
Canada．
—Ha told John that Mary had got married．
—He was afraid that someone had got the
secret．
—She was worried that he had not written to
her for a year．
—He asked me why I had not got married．
在并列句中，有时一个分句中动词表示的动作先于另一分句中动词表示的动作，先发生的动作也用过去完成时表示：
后发生动作 先发生动作
—He was a beggar for he had lost millions
now， in a night．
—He became a great and he had been poor
man， many years．
—They all lay down but some had been beggars
together， and others had been kings．
有时前后两个句子中，前面句子中动词表示的动作后发生，后面句子中动词所表示的动作先发生，则后面动词须用过去完成时表示：
后发生动作 先发生动作
—He was thirsty． He had not seen any water for a week．
—The child cried． Someone had stolen his cake．
—Husband and wife They had quarrelled all
were unhappy． day．
尽管过去完成时表示先发生的动作，在特定的情况下它也可用一般过去时代替：
1）如果所用连词或状语已表示了时间的先后：
—He went to school as soon as（ or after）he
（had） dressed himself．
—The audience ap- when he（had） finished his
plauded speech．
—He spoke after he（had） studied his speech．
—He found his watch． He（had） lost it two days
before．
—He called on me and he（had） let me know a
on Sunday， week earlier．
—He got ill because he had not eaten（or
did not eat） properly．
—I asked a man who（had）learned sculp－
ture in Italy．
—My wife liked very the dog you（had） sent me．
much
—He said he came from Canada．
在连续写一段话时，如果顺着动作发生的时间顺序往下写，则所用动词都可以用一般过去时。如其中有一个动词表示的动作先于另外的动作，为了避免误解，这个动作应用过去完成时表示：
I borrowed a book and read it at night．A week later，I re－turned it to the library and borrowed another．（顺着时间顺序叙述）
但：I read at night a book which I had borrowed． A week later，after I had returned it to the library，I borrowed another．
When he courted her，she turned him down． But two years later，they were husband and wife． She found it queer indeed．（顺着时间顺序叙述）
但： She found the matter queer indeed． She and he were now husband and wife． But only two years before，when he had courted her，she had turned him down．（后面一句追叙更早的事）
在追叙更早的情节时，如果一串动词全都用过去完成时会显得很累赘。一般作法是把追叙部分的第一、两个动词用过去完成时表示，使时间关系清楚，后面则都用一般过去时。
Finally they got married． They had fallen in love in Tok－yo．They had loved each other tenderly．Their parents had been opposed to their marriage，and they had tried twice to commit suicide．（为了避免累赘，可以把追叙部分第一句中的had fallen保留，后面句子中的过去完成时全可以用一般过去时代替。）
另外，历史事实通常应用一般过去时表示，在联系现在情况时，即使另一动词用过去时，也不要把史实用过去完成时表示：
I learned that Columbus（不用had）discoverd America．
He said Hitler（不用had）killed millions of Jews．
如果主句中包含了过去完成时，从句中的过去完成时常以一般过去时代替：
I knew he had lost money when he（had） gambled．
He said Jim had been caught because he （had）sold drugs．
761 2）除了表示发生时间在另一动作之前外，还可表示对后来动作的影响：
I had eaten something before I took（后来动作）dinner．
（So I had no appetite at dinner．）
但：I ate something before I took dinner．（Maybe I had my usual appetite at dinner．）
He had learned English before he came（后来动作）to England．（He already knew English when he arrived in England．）
He felt worse after he had taken the medicine．（Feeling worse is the result of taking the medicine．）
He felt worse after he took the medicine．（Feeling worse may not be the result of taking the medicine．）
762 3）在一个否定的句子中表示另一动作前刚发生的动作，有时可译成“刚刚……就……”或“不等……就……”：
He had not（or scarcely，hardly，barely） touched his re-volver when（or before） he got shot．
No sooner had he opened his mouth than I knew what he wanted to say．
763 4）表示过去某时前已经发生并在继续发生的事时，通常有一个表示一段时间的状语，可译为“到……为止”，或“自从……就一直（已经）”（可参阅725节）：
By December last year，he had worked for ten years．（Most probably he was still working in December．）
Up to that time all had gone well．
He had lived here since he got married．（He was still here．）
He had learned a lot since he became a student．（He was still learning．）
764 5）还可表示一个未实现的愿望，特别是动词表示“打算”这类意思时，可译“本来打算……”：
I had intended to do．（=I intended to have gone．）（ I in－tended to go，but I did not go．）
He had hoped to help you．（=He hoped to have helped you＝ He had hoped to have helped you＝ His hope was to have helped you．）（But he did not help you．）
He had expected to meet you at the restaurant．
I had meant to invite him to dinner．
He had been inclined to be an artist．
I should like to have seen it．（现在的愿望）
I should have liked to have seen（or to see） it．（过去的愿望）
You had better have stayed here．（未被接受的劝告）
765 6）用来代替一般过去时，表示惊奇（参阅747节）：
I saw her from afar．In a minute，however，she had disap－peared．
When he said this，his enemy had come up to him．
It was kept secret，but two days afterwards everyone had talked about it．
He had scarcely raised his hand when his antagonist had lain him on the ground．
766 7）在 said，reported后的间接引语中优替一般过去时及现在完成时：
He said“I have asked the Mayor．”＝ He said that he had asked the Mayor．
He exclaimed，“I saw it．”＝ He exclaimed that he had seen it．
但： I said，“He had been very sad since his wife died．”= I said that he had been very sad since his wife died（不要说 had died）．
I was told he had lost confidence in everything since he be－came（而不是 had become） bankrupt．
I was told he talked as if he knew（or had known） every－thing．
767 8）用来对一个没听清楚的过去情况提问（参阅742节）：
A：They sold six hundred pieces．
B：（Talks about something else，and then asks）
How many pieces had they sold？（= How many pieces did you say they had sold？）
A： I kept it in a small box．
B：（After some time） Where had you kept it？
768 9）用在状语从句中表示从过去时间看将来某时前已经发生的事（来代替过去将来完成时）：
He said（in the morning）he would return（in the evening） when he had spoken to Mary（in the afternoon）．（代替would have spoken）
We would study abroad if our father had earned some mon－ey by then．（代替 would have earned．）
I（or You，He，John，It，They，Those men）came.
I was（or You were，He was ，It was，They were，Those menwerr）here．
737 一般过去时的用法：
1）表示过去发生的动作，过去时间可以由状语表示出来，也可由上下文及说话场合表示出来：
At five o'clock（or As soon as he received the telegram），hedrove to the station．
He turned out the light at midnght（or when everybody wentto bed.）
Did you go swimming yesterday？” “NO．I was very ill（时间已由问句表示出来）．”
“ Why did you not attend the meeting？”“Because my wife gavebirth to a baby．”（谈话双方都清楚动作发生的时间）
738 2）表示过去反复发生的或习惯性的动作，可有表示频度的状语，也可以没有：
He took a walk every morning．
I swam in the evening．
Mary learned cooking twice a week ．
John seldom wrote to me．
John lived in Calcutta．
Nobody taught Japanese in this city．
He used to（表示过去习惯） drink coffee at night．（used to相当于一个助动词）
也可表示过去的状态：
He is not so happy as he was．
China is not what she was （or used to be）．
He worked much harder formerly than he works now．
739 3）可用在said，reported等后面的间接引语中，代替一般现在时：
He said，“I am very tired．”＝ He said that he was very tired．He exclaimed，“What a pity it is ！”＝He exclaimed what a pityit was．
但在口语中一般现在时仍可以用，特别在有一个表示未来时间的状语时：
I said I am free next Sunday．
I knew he comes tomorrow（or in three days，next week）．还有一些情况，间接引语中的一般现在时可以保持不变，如：
I said，“ I must go．”＝I said I must go．
He said，“I ought to do it．”= He said he ought to do it．He said God be thanked．
He said God forbid that he should ill-treat anyone．
He said thank Heaven he was well again．
但在下面情况下，从句中的谓语应用一般过去时：
He thought he could defeat me.（＝ Now he knows he can't．）（从句中的设想证明是错误的）
I thought he was（or had been） a scholar．（ Now I see he isnot．）
I thought you knew it．
We did not know he was a cheat．（＝ Now we know he is．）I didn't quite realize that he was a great，great pianist．（=Now I realize he is．）
The ancients said （or imagined） the sun moved round theearth．（= Now they prove wrong）
I knew he was a simpleton（= Now we see that he is）（从句中的设想证明是对的）
在宾语从句中，如果主句谓语为过去时，要用would代替will：
I knew Wang would not accept this dirty money.
I fot to tell you that you would get into trouble．
740 4）可用在表示时间、条件的状语从句中，表示一个从过去看来将发生的情况；
He promised to give me five dollars when he got his pay．
He said he would reward me if I worked hard．
We knew Dad would punish us unless we behaved．
741 5）还可用来表示过去计划要做的事，特别是当它有一个表示未来时间的状语时（可参阅693节）：
He started（=was to start） at seven the following day．（比较：He starts at seven tomorrow.）
He left the next week．（比较： He leaves next week．）They returned in ten days．
742 6）还可在对话中用来重复对方刚提这的事：
A：His name is Mauling． B： What was his name（= What didyou say his name was ）？
A：Put it under the desk． B：（Talks about something else，andthen） Where was I to put it？
也可用在比较客气的话中，来代替一般现在时（并不是谈过去情况，而是谈现在情况）：
Was your father in？ I was hoping he was free this evening．
Did you want it？ I was thinking you might like it．
“I wondered if he could come．”“I was wondering，too．”
什么是过去将来时？
一．过去将来时的构成：
would+动词原形或was/ were going to+动词原形
如：The farmers didn’t know whether they would have a good harvest.农民们不知道他们是否会有一个好收成。
Li Mei said that she was going to visit her grandma in the country the next Sunday.李梅说下星期天要去看望她乡下的祖母。
二．过去将来时的用法：
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将来要看发生的动作或存在的状态。具体分为：
1．主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。如：
Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years. 没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。
We didn’t know whether she was going to speak at the meeting. 我们不知道她是否准备在会上发言。
2．在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。如：
It was a Saturday afternoon. A young man named Gee had just left school. He was going to start to work the following week, so he decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.一个星期六的下午，一位名叫乔治的年轻人刚离开学校。因为他准备下周开始工作，所以，决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。
三．过去将来时的其他表示法：
1．在时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看将来要发生的动作。如：
They said that they were going to West Hill Farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去西山农场。
The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。
2．go, come, leave, fly, drive, arrive, start等表示位置移动的动词常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作。如：
She didn’t say when she was coming again next time. 她没说下一次什么时候会再来。
Jim decided they were flying to England next month. 吉姆决定他们下个月坐飞机去英国。
又有问题了英语过去将来时选项题解答及分析。
1,李明说Brian 下个月来他就会很开心。这里的动作应该是Brian来，李明才会开心。所以应该是Brian来的动作比李明开心的动作要早。而李明讲的这个动作用的是过去式said，所以整个句子的时态就应该是过去式。所以应该选C的。
2这个是用一般将来时的。因为后面有一个the next morning 表示是将来。be动词后面接动名词有表将来的意思。例如，I'm leaving at five o'clock.表示的是我将在5点离开，而不是我正在5点离开这个瞬间的动作。
was going to leave 应该也是可以的，但是用was leaving 比较好。
3跟上句一样，用过去式来描述将来要发生的事情。一般将来时的表达式有两种，一是shall/will+动词原形。一种是be+going to do .句中既然是将来发生的动作，肯定是用一般将来时的结构，而整句的动词是过去式，所以用would.
4一样道理。