请问英语of和for的区别在哪里? 英语中to和for的区别
of和for的区别
for和of引导的不定式结构的区别
不定式是一种非谓语动词,不能单独作谓语,因此没有语法上的主语。但由于不定式表示的是动作,在意义上可以有它的主体。我们称之为逻辑主语。
提起不定式逻辑主语,人们首先想到的会是“for+名词(宾格代词)+不定式”的复合结构。如:It is important for us to study English well.然而,有时不定式的逻辑主语须要用“of+名词(代词宾格)”才行。例如:It iskind of you to help me.而不能说:It is kind for you to help me.在选择介词“for”还是“of”时,人们往往总是凭感觉而定。有时受习惯影响,多选介词“for”。于是常出现这样的错误:It was careless for him to lose his way.It is cruel for you to do so.由于众多语法书对这种结构中使用“for”与“of”的区别介绍甚少,一些人对其概念认识尚不完全清楚,笔者认为有必要就这一问题作些探讨与介绍。
一、在句中的语法作用不同
a.不定式for结构在句中可以作主、宾、表、定、状、同位语:
1.It is easy for Tom to do this work.(主语)汤姆做此工作是容易的。
2.I'd like for him to come here.(宾语)我喜欢他来这里。
3.His idea is for us to travel in two different groups.(表语)他的想法是:我们分成两组旅行。
4.Have you heard about the plan for you to go abroad.(定语)你听到让你出国的计划吗?
5.The word is too difficult for him to pronounce well.(状语)这单词太难,他念不准。
6.In the most schools,it is the custom for the headmaster to declare the newterm start.在大部分学校,校长宣布新学期开始是一个习惯。
b.不定式of结构只能在句中作主语。
1.It was careless of him to leave his umbrella in the train.他把伞丢在火车上真是太粗心了。
2.It is awfully good of you to come to see me off at the station.谢谢你来车站送我。
二、逻辑主语的名词有所不同
a.不定式for结构中的名词可以是人,也可以是无生命的事物:
1.It is very important for us to study English well.我们学好英语是非常重要的。
2.It is essential for the classroom to have plenty of light.教室光线充足是必要的。
有时还可以是引导词“there”:
3.It is a pity for there to be any disagreement in the family.家庭不和实在是很遗憾。
4.In such case it is impossible for there to be an escape of air from the con-tainer.在这种情况下,不存在空气从容器溢出的可能性。
b.不定式of结构中的名词只能是人:
It is foolish of you to lend the money.你借钱给人真是太蠢了。
三、表语形容词的语义不同
表语形容词的语义不同是区别for结构和of结构的最重要标志。
a.在“It is(was)+adj.+for sb+to do sth”的句式中,作表语的形容词大多是表事物性质的静态形容词(stative adjective),如:essential,easy,difficult,important,neccessary,(im)possible,hard等等,这类形容词与for后面的名词(代词)关系不密切,无意义上的主表关系。例如:
It is neccessary for us to practise speaking English every day.
句中不定式逻辑主语“us”与表语形容词“neccessary”无主表关系,我们不能说:We are neccessary to practise speaking English every day.因为“人”(we)不能与表“事物性质的形容词”(neccessary)连用在一起。此句的重点,是强调“每天练习说英语”这件事。同样:It was very difficult for Tom to answer this question.不能说成:Tom was very difficult to answer this question.而可以说:For Tom to answer this question was very difficult.
b.在“It is(was)+ adj.+ of sb…”的句式中,作表语的形容词大多是表示人物特征的形容词。如:bold,absurd,brave,careless,careful,clever,considerate,cruel,foolish,good,honest,(un)kind noble,impudent,polite,right,rude,sweet,nutured,silly,stupid,selfish,thoughtful,ungrateful,wicked,unmanly,(un)wise,wrong等等。这些表示人物特征的形容词与of后的名词关系十分密切,有意义上的主表关系。如:
1.It is selfish of you to do so.
“you”与“selfish”关系密切。“you”既是不定式“to do so”的逻辑主语,又是形容词“selfish”的逻辑主语。此句重点强调的是“人”,(你这人太自私了)故可以说成:You are selfish to do so.又如:
2.It is kind of you(= You are kind)to send me a nice present.谢谢你送我这么好的礼物。
3.It was stupid of her(=she was stupid)to make such a mistake.出这样的错她真是太蠢了。
另外,在这个句式中,“it”可以根据情况改为“that”、“this”,如:
4.That is very kind of you.谢谢你。
5.This is very good of you to repair the TV set for me.谢谢你帮我修电视机。
较长的句子,还可以加逗号,在of sb与to do sth中间停顿一下:
6.That was smart of you,to hush up the affair before you heard about it.听到此事之前能保持缄默,你是很聪明的。
四、句子的语气有所不同
A.在较多的场合中,不定式for结构的句式语气带有情态意义。for sb todo sth.的复合结构,相当于一个有情态动词的主语从句。例如:
1.It is neccessary for us to get the preparations done.=(… that weshould get the preparations done.)我们有必要(应该)把准备工作做好。
2.It is hard for which one to be given the reward to.=(… which oneshould be given the reward to.)难就难在应该给哪个人授奖。
3.In the old society,it was rare for a poor man's son to go to college.(=… that a poor man's son could go to college.)旧社会,穷人的孩子能上大学是很少见的。
B.不定式of结构的句式,在语气上往往对前面表人物特征的表语形容词有着某种感叹意味。It is/was adj.of sb相当于How adj of sb it is/was.故在翻译时,多加上“太……”“真是……”“实在是……”等字眼,如前面提到的诸例句:
1.It was careless of him to leave his umbrella in the train.(= How carelessof him(it was)to leave his umbrella in the train.)他太粗心了,竟会把伞忘在车上。
2.That was stupid of you to make such a mistake.(= How stupid of you tomake such a mistake.)你竟然会犯这样的错误,真是太蠢了。
有时,为了加强感叹的程度还可以在表语形容词前加上修饰词:
3.That is really kind of you.
4.It is awfully good of him to come to see us off at the station.
五、由于某些形容词(如:good,right,foolish,wrong,silly…)在语义上具有两重性,既可以表人物的特征,又可以说明事物的性质,因此它们可以使用在for结构中,也可以使用在of结构中,但两种结构在意义上有所区别。试比较:
1.It is good for Xiao Wang to travel abroad.(= It's good to travel abroad for-Xiao Wang)中心意思是说“旅行是件好事”,重点在“to travel abroad”不定式所表示的动作。“for Xiao Wang”只表示一种范围。(对于小王来说)
2.It is good of Xiao Wang to lend me the money.
“of”表示一种所属关系,“good”是“Xiao Wang”的所属特征。中心意思是说“小王心眼真好”,重点在“Xiao Wang”这个人上。又如:
3.It is foolish of you to buy that book.(= You are foolish to buy that book.)你这人真傻,竟买了那本书。(强调“你傻”)
4.It is foolish for you to buy that book.(=For you to buy that book is fool-ish(= It is foolish to buy that book for you.)你买那本书是愚蠢的。(强调“买那本书”这件事很傻)
参考资料:218.24.233.167:8000/Resource/GZ/GZYY/YYXKLW/JXFF/XYYGLSC/421f0065zw_0137.htm to 表示目的 方向
for 译 为.... 后接名词
of 一般译成 ....的 与其后的名词 相当与形容词
例One of the legs of the table was broken.桌子的一条腿断了
英语单词of和for用法的差别
of和for都是介词,但用法却大不一样
of :如 in north of china . 是指中国北部的某某地,而for却不可以,因为for
的前面必须再加一个词(动,一般是的)和它一起才能构成一个句子.of介词短语在句中作表语。of在think后时,of后跟名词或动词ing形式
for有很多种用法 :1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语.3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。还有好几种意思,也有不同的用法。
因此of和for的用法基本不一。(这些是我自认为的,也不枉教我英语的老师)
for 和of的区别
没有什么理由,英国人喜欢这么用,你一定要理由的话我来帮你吧,分别介绍一下,再举些例子,你应该能明白了,加分哦~~
for
[fɔ:, fə]
prep.
(表示时间)在(某一特定时间); 在…时节; 持续达
(表示方向)向, 朝, 开往
(
表示距离)延续达, 计有
I followed him for some distance.
我跟着他走了一段路程。
of
of 表示“...的”,是表示所属关系的介词。
介词of用法归纳
英语作为一种语言文字是由无数个词汇组成的,但是在实际应用过程中,除了冠词,应数介词of使用率最高.英语介词of因其在句中所处位置及与其它词之间的关系不同而表示不同的意义. 你只要记住一些固定用法,下次就好区分了.
"OF" 之前的是名词或人称代词,强调主体在前.你可以好好捉摸一下.
Purify the nation clean the jar of crust 清洗罐子的外壁
Clarify the river of flowing rubbish 清除河里的浮游垃圾
再来举例子
for
for
AHD:[fôr] [f…r ] 非重读时
D.J.[f%8r][f* ]非重读时
K.K.[f%r][f+ ]非重读时
prep.(介词)
Used to indicate the object, aim, or purpose of an action or activity:
为了:用来指一个动作或活动的目的、目标或意图:
trained for the ministry; put the house up for sale; plans to run for senator.
为政府部门培训;把房子拍卖;计划竞选议员
Used to indicate a destination:
往,向:用来指目的地:
headed off for town.
出发去城里
Used to indicate the object of a desire, an intention, or a perception:
对于:用来指愿望、意图或感觉的目标:
had a nose for news; eager for fame and fortune.
消息灵通;渴求名利
Used to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action:
为:用来指一个活动的接受者或受益者:
prepared lunch for us.
为我们准备午餐
On behalf of:
代表:
spoke for all the members.
代表全体成员发言
In favor of:
对…支持:
Were they for or against the proposal?
他们支持这项议案还是反对呢?
In place of:
代替…:
a substitute for eggs.
鸡蛋的替代品
Used to indicate equivalence or equality:
等值,等量:用于表示等值或相同关系:
paid ten dollars for a ticket; repeated the conversation word for word.
花十美元买了张票;逐字逐句地重复谈话
Used to indicate correlation or correspondence:
用于表示关联或联系:
took two steps back for every step forward.
每前进一步向后退两步
Used to indicate amount, extent, or duration:
达:用于表示数量、范围或持续时间:
a bill for five dollars; walked for miles; stood in line for several minutes.
五美元的钞票;步行了数英里;排了几分钟的队
Used to indicate a specific time:
在:用于表示一个具体时间:
had an appointment for two o'clock.
两点钟有一个约会
As being:
当作:
take for granted; mistook me for the librarian.
视为当然;把我误认为是图书管理员
Used to indicate an actual or implied listing or choosing:
针对…:用于表示实际的或隐含的列举或选择:
For one thing, we can't afford it.
第一,我们买不起
As a result of; because of:
由于,因为:
jumped for joy.
因高兴而跳起来
Used to indicate appropriateness or suitability:
用于表示适度或适当:
It will be for the judge to decide.
这要由法官来决定
Notwithstanding; despite:
虽然,尽管:
For all the problems, it was a valuable experience.
尽管还存在许多问题,这仍不失为一次宝贵的经验
As regards; concerning:
关于,至于:
a stickler for neatness.
有洁癖的人
Considering the nature or usual character of:
至于:关于…的性质或一般特征:
was spry for his advanced age.
就他的高龄来说,他应该算是充满生气的了
In honor of:
为纪念…:
named for her grandmother.
为纪念她的祖母起的名字
conj.(连接词)
Because; since.
因为;既然
of
of
AHD:[¾v, ¼v] […v ] 非重读时
D.J.[(v, %v][*v ]非重读时
K.K.[(v, $v][*v ]非重读时
prep.(介词)
Derived or coming from; originating at or from:
从…产生或来自…;源于或来自于:
men of the north.
从北方来的人们
Caused by; resulting from:
由…引起:由…而致:
a death of tuberculosis.
死于肺结核
Away from; at a distance from:
离开的;距…多远的:
a mile east of here.
从这里向东一英里
So as to be separated or relieved from:
为了分开或从…中解脱:
robbed of one's dignity; cured of distemper.
剥夺了尊严;治愈了犬瘟热
From the total or group comprising:
从总体或组成中离开的:
give of one's time; two of her friends; most of the cases.
对某人的时间而言;两个她的朋友;大多数的情况
Composed or made from:
由…组成或由…制成:
a dress of silk.
丝制的衣服
Associated with or adhering to:
与…相联或与…相接:
a man of your religion.
与你信仰相同宗教的人
Belonging or connected to:
属于的或与…相连:
the rungs of a ladder.
梯子的横档
Possessing; having:
占有的;拥有的:
a person of honor.
有声望的人
On one's part:
在某人一方:
very nice of you.
你真好
Containing or carrying:
包含的或含有的:
a basket of groceries.
一篮的食品杂货
Specified as; named or called:
具体为;被称为或叫做:
a depth of ten feet; the Garden of Eden.
十英尺的深度;伊甸园
Centering on; directed toward:
以…为中心的;指向…的:
a love of horses.
对马匹的钟爱
Produced by; issuing from:
由…产生;生自…:
products of the vine.
葡萄树结出的果实
Characterized or identified by:
以…为特征的或指示…:
a year of famine.
饥荒年
With reference to; about:
指…的;关于:
think highly of her proposals; will speak of it later.
对她的提议评价很高;将在后面讲述它
In respect to:
就…来说:
slow of speech.
就讲话来说很慢
Set aside for; taken up by:
为…而设置;由…占据:
a day of rest.
休息日
Before; until:
在…之前;直到:
five minutes of two.
差五分到两点
During or on a specified time:
在具体的一段时间内:
of recent years.
在最近这些年中
By:
被:
beloved of the family.
被家人所热爱
Used to indicate an appositive:
用以指同格的事物:
that idiot of a driver.
那个白痴司机
Archaic On:
【古语】 在…上:
“A plague of all cowards, I say”(Shakespeare)
“所有懦夫遭天谴,我说”(莎士比亚)
请问英语of和for有什么区别,怎么用?
链接of的用法
1. 表示"属于关系",意为"(属于)......的"。如:the leaves of the tree
2. 表示"(关于)......的"。如:stories of Lei Feng, a map of China
3. 表示"同位关系"。如:He lives in the city of Beijing.
4. 表示某人的品性。如:It's very kind of you to help me.
5. 表示"因为、由于"。如:die of cancer(死于癌症)
6. 用于一些固定短语中。如:Shirts and blouses are made of cotton. I have a lot of homework today.
7. 表示整体与部分的关系。如:three or four of your classmates,the end of the film(这部电影的片末部分)
链接for的用法
1. 表示"当作、作为"。如:I'd like some bread and milk for breakfast.
2. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为"就......而言"、"对......来说"。如:It's important for us to learn English well. Art is fun for someone.
3. 表示理由或原因,意为"因为、由于"。如: Thank you for teaching us so well.
4. 表示对象、用途,意为"为"、"适于"。如:Li Ming and Wang Mei are looking at their photos for the class picture.
5. 表示去向、目标,意为"向、往、取、买"等。如:I came here for my schoolbag.
6. 表示时间、距离,意为"计、达"。如:She has been an English teacher for seven years.
7. 表示与具体条件作比较,意为"比起来"、"就......来看"。如:It's rather hot for May.