下面这句话是什么形式的倒装？为什么不写成what has my car become of?
形式倒装是什么
形式倒装：我们把感叹句、“the more ... the more...”句型、as/though引导的让步状语从句以及whether/however引导的让步状语从句这个四种情况下的句法形式叫做形式倒装。
分为部分倒装与完全倒装
英语最基本的词序“主语部分+谓语部分”通常十分固定。如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，这就叫做倒装。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，称为完全倒装；如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。
一、全部倒装
1．以here， there， now，then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：
Here comes the train！
There goes the bell！
注意：如果句子的主语是人称代词，则不能使用倒装结构。如：
Here it comes！ ／ There it goes！
2．有些动词短语以副词out，in，up，down，away等结尾，构成不及物动词短语。这时，为了使句子更形象，常将这些副词提前到句首。这时，句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面，构成全部倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。）如：
Up went the rocket．
Up it went．
3．为了强调表示地点的介词短语，常将这个介词短语放在句首，构成全部倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：
In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker．
4．表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：
Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat．
5．so／neither／nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so／neither／nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”（so表示肯定意义，neither／nor表示否定意义）。如：
She has finished her homework，so has her brother．
She hasn’t gone there， neither／nor has he．
但如果so表示强调， 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时，其结构是“so＋主语＋助动词／系动词／情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：
She knows little English，so she does． 她英语懂得不多。她的确如此。
二．部分倒装
1．用于疑问句中。如：
How did you do that﹖
Did you see the film yesterday﹖
2．用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中。如果我们将连词if省略，应把were， had，
should提到主语前面。如：
If you had come yesterday， you would have seen him．
→Had you come yesterday， you would have seen him．
3．用于as引导的让步状语从句中。as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式：
1) 副词置于句首。如：
Much as I like it (＝Although I like it very much), I will not buy it．
请问，什么是完全倒装、形式倒装、部分倒装？如何区分？
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。
完全倒装
1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。 例如：In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。） 2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。 例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。） 3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came. 4）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装 5)在强调状语时1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如： 1 Up went the plane. 2 In came the chairman and the meeting began. 注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如： 1 Out they rushed! 2 Lower and lower he bent. (2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如： 1 Round the corner walked a large policeman. 2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. 3 当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如： 1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. （不属于完全倒装） 2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. （6）当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如： 1）Here is a ticket for you. 2）Now comes your turn. 3）Here he comes. （7）以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如： 1）So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 2）So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 3）So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night. 注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置；“so +副词”是状语的前置。 ．在直接引语之后 在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些 词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如： 1）“What do you mean?” asked Henry. 2）“What do you mean?” he asked. . often, many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时 例如：Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance. 12．在as, though引导的让步状语从句中 在as, though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如： 1）Small as the atom is, we can smash it. 2）Big as the workpiece is, it is turned out with Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。 Out he rushed. 注意： 1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。 例：Here comes the postman!（邮递员终于来了！注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。） Here we are.（我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。） 2) 当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。 例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。） Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中国典型的是相声表演，两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众）
部分倒装解析
1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。 Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活） 2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法： 例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。） In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化） 3) 以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。 Only in the country can you learn the “true English”. 4）一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。 注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。 5）此外，一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意： a) 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。） b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装： 例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。） c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。 例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.（几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。） 6) 由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句： 例：I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.（我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。） 7) 由as引导的部分倒装句： a) 当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。 例：Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。） She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).（她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！） b) 当 as引导让步状语时，和although, though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。 Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格) c) 表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。 例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。） d) 等于so时，意义是“也，也是” 例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. （她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）
so, neither, nor倒装
除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。 a) 当so表示“也，相同，那样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句： He promised to finish my homework, so did I. b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分： 例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her. c)也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人) d) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式，其含义分别为： 1) 完全倒装时：表示"也不"，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。 例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .（你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。） 2) 和其它否定副词连用，表示"也（不）"，也要求用完全倒装句： 例：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they .（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。） 注意：若把这句话改成："The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）"就不必倒装。 She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper. 3) 用在肯定句里，构成一般否定倒装： 例：All that is true, nor must we fet it.（那全都是真的，我们可不能忘记。）
部分倒装作用
有承上启下作用，表示同意和赞同： 例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我帮不了她。） B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能帮她，但你本可以找人帮她的。） 2) 在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装： 例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。） 3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy. 4）在文学作品中常出现倒装，有些是由于语法习惯，有些是为了简单的修辞，如Not even one cloud will I bring away（不带走一片云彩）.
不用倒装的地方
注:如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装. Only Wang Ling knows this . 如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。 " Let's go ," said the man .
英语倒装句的形式
倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
倒装结构的用法：
一、副词here,there, in, out,up ,down, away,back,now, then, ahead 等位于句首,当谓语动词是be,come, go, follow,run等表示位置移动的动词，而且主语又是名词时,需要把谓语动词放主语之前，即全部倒装。
注意:A 此类倒装不用进行时态度。B若主语是代词时，不用倒装。
1.--Let's hurry. Listen!There________.
__Oh,yes.Has the teacher come yet?
---Look! Here________.
A the bell goes, is he coming B goes the bell, he comes
C the bell is going,he is coming D goes the bell, comes he
二，含有否定意义的词放句首，部分倒装。
A具有否定意义的副词放句首： not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few…
2.I finally got the job I dreamed about.Never in my life___
so happy!(2000,spring)
A did I feel B I feel C I had felt D had I felt
3.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once__with each other.(2003)
A they had quarreled B they have quarreled
C have they quarreled D had they quarreled
B,含有否定意义的连词放句首:not only…but also.., neither..nor.., no sooner…than.., scarely..than..,Hardly..when.., not until...
4.Not until all the fish died in the river__how serious pollution was.(95)
A did the villagers realize B the villagers realized
C the villagers did realize D didn't the villagers realize
5.Not only__interested in football but__ beginning to show an interest in it.
A the teacher himself is, all his students are
B the teacher himself is, are all his students
C is the teacher himself, are all his students
D is the teacher himself,all his students are
*not only, no sooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but (also), than, when后面的句子不倒. Neither..nor..两部分都倒装。
C, 含有否定意义的介词放句首：by no means, In no time,in no case, on no account,under no circumstances...
On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.
三，only＋状语，部分到装
6.Only in this way__to make improvement in the operating system.(2003 shang)
A you can hope B you did more C can you hope D did you hope
7. __can you expect to get a pay rise.(2001)
A With hard work B Although work hard
C Only with hard work D Now that he works hard
四、表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事半功倍有下列：
肯定:so+助动词(动/情态)+主语 *主语与上文一致
否定:neither(nor)+助动(动/情态)+主语
8.-David has made great progress recently.
--_______, and________.(1997)
A So he has, so you have B So he has, so have you
C So has he , so have you D So has he ,so you have
9. – You fet your purse when you went out.
---Good heavens,_______.(2002)
A so did I B so I did C I did so D I so did
五、as 作“尽管／虽然”，引导让步状语从句，由于语法需要，把表语／状语／动词提于句首．
10._____,I have never seen anyone who's as capable(有能力） as John.(2001)
A As long as I have traveled B Now that I have traveled
C Much as I have traveled D As I have travled so much
11.___, he knows a lot of things.
A The child as he is B Child as he is C A child as he is D Child as he is
六、so ..that.., such ..that..的句子结构中，若so,such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒。
12.So difficult____it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.(2001)
A I have felt B have I felt C I did feel D did I feel
七、若if 引导的虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时， 可将if省，把were, had , should 放主语之前。
13.___it rain tomorrow, we would have put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(94)
A Were B Should C Would D Will
14.____ for the tree tickets,I would not have gone to the film so often.(95sh)
A If it is not B Were it not C Had not it been D If they were not
八、充当地点状语的介词短语放句首，全倒。
In a lecture hall of a university sits a professor.
九、在表示愿望的感叹句，倒装。
May our country become rich and strong!
Long live the People's Republic of China!
十、There be 句型，eg,
There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….)
There is a man at the door wants to see you.
There once lived an old hunter in that house.
There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter.
1.Only after liberation___ to be treated as human beings.
A.did they begin B. they had begun
C.they did begin D. had they begun
2.Not only ___to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.
A.he was forcing B. he was forced
C.was he forcing D. was he forced
3.Not until his father was out of prison to school. _______.
A.can John go B. John can go C. could John go D. John could go
4.Never before __seen such a stupid man.
A.am I B. was I C. have I D. shall I
5.Rarely ___about such a silly thing.
A.have I heard of B. I have heard of
C.I have been hearing of D. have I heard from
6.Little ___about his own health though he was very ill.
A.he cared B. did he care C. does he care D. he cares
7.Seldom ___him recently.
A.I met B. I have met C. have I met D. didn't I meet
8.Hardly ____down ___he stepped in.
A.had I sat …than B. I had sat …when
B.had I sat …then D. had I sat…when
9.No sooner___asleep than she heard a knock at the door.
A. she had fallen B. had she fallen C. she had fell D. had she fell
10.He did not see Smith. _____
A. Neither did I B. Nor didn't I C. Neither I did D. So didn't I
11.I don't know how to swim, ____.
A. and my sister doesn't neither B. nor my sister can
C. nor does my sister D. and my sister does either
12 ---You ought to have given them some advice.
---_____, but who cared what I said?
A. So ought you B. So I ought C. So did you D. So I did
13. –It was hot yesterday. _____.
A. It was so B. So was it C. So it was D. So it did
14. She's passed the test. ____.
A. So am I B. So have I C. So I have D. Also I have
15.You like football very much. ______.
A. So do I B. It is the same with me C. I do too D. So I do
16. ____, he is honest.
A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he
17. _____, he knows a lot of things.
A. A child as he is B. Child as he is
C. A child as is he D. Child as is he
18. _____, you can't lift yourself up.
A. Even you're strong B. Strong as you are
C. How strong you are D. In spite you're strong
19.So carelessly___ that he almost killed himself.
A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive
20.Early in the day____ the news ____the enemy were gone.
A. come…that B. came…that C. comes…that D. came …what
21.Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages ___them well.
A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn
22.Look, ____.
A. here the bus comes B. here is the bus coming
C. here comes the bus D. here the bus is coming
23. “Where is Kate?” “Look, ____. She is at the school gate.”
A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is
24. Which of the following sentences is correct?
A. In the teacher came B. In did come the teacher
C. In did the teacher come D. in came the teacher
25.Out ____, with a stick in his hand.
A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush
【答案】
1-5ADCCA 6-10 BCDBA 11-15 CDCBD
16-20 CBBDB 20-25 BCADC
英语的倒装语序
英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。
装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
一、 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况:
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:
There goes the bell! 铃响了！ There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.注意: ①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。 ②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
2、方位状语在句首, 如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装
"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.
二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:
1,否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely,seldom
Never shall I fet you. At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
2、 几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly… when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:
Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
注意: ①not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装,如:Not only you but also I like playing chess.
②neither…nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
3、only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
注意: only强调主语不倒装:Only the teachers can use the room.
4、so…that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
I saw the film, so did he.
5.省略了if的虚拟条件句
Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.Were she here, she would support the motion.